宝鸡市气候服务系统          下载免费PDF全文

李建芳  李建军  郭清厉 《山西气象》2005,(2):15-16

本文首先给出了雨水集蓄利用的概念，针对黄土高原地区十分匮乏的水资源和严重的水土流失现状，提出了在该区实施雨水集蓄的可行性。在此基础上，对雨水集蓄利用在各个方面所取得的成就和存在的问题，进行了深入细致的分析，并对亟待解决的问题和今后的发展方向进行了展望。  相似文献   

不同降水天气系统自然降水特征及火箭人工增雨潜力分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

吴志会  段英  张晶  石立新 《气象科技》2005,(Z1)

统计分析了1981~2000年20年中15种降水天气系统影响下河北地区自然降水特征,并对火箭人工增雨的潜力进行了初步分析。统计分析表明:西来槽类、高空低涡类、冷锋、切变线和副高后部等天气系统是影响河北地区的主要降水系统,其降雨量和降雨日数占到了90%以上;不同的天气系统在不同季节对降水的贡献有所不同,其中西来槽类的降雨量和降雨日数均居首位,开展人工增雨催化作业机会最多;夏季降水系统最强,云水资源最为丰富,人工增雨潜力很大,是开展火箭人工增雨催化作业的最佳季节,春秋两季增雨潜力明显比夏季小,冬季最小;倒槽、副高后部、台风低压、高空低涡类和气旋类等系统最强,日降雨量和单位面积降雨量明显比其它系统大,尤其对蓄水型火箭增雨作业十分有利。  相似文献   

青西油田碳酸盐岩裂缝性储层地球物理预测技术的应用     

师永民撒利明  陈广城田鑫李虹  王斌婷 《应用地球物理》2005,2(2):119-126

白云岩成岩收缩晶间孔、洞、缝与构造网状缝相互沟通可以组成良好的油气储层，但是这种复杂裂缝—孔隙型储层分布随机性强、发育程度和差异性大，储层预测难度大。本文以中国西部酒泉盆地青西油田下白垩统下沟组湖相白云岩裂缝—孔隙型储层为例，提出地球物理综合预测碳酸盐岩裂缝的方法。本文描述了综合地球物理方法预测碳酸盐岩裂缝储层的实施和应用效果。  相似文献   

2-D crustal Poisson’s ratio from seismic travel time inversion in Changbaishan Tianchi volcanic region   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Liu Zhi  Zhang Xian-kang  Wang Fu-yun  Duan Yong-hong  Lai Xiao-ling 《地震学报(英文版)》2005,18(3):345-353

Based on the inversion method of 2D velocity structure and interface, the crustal velocity structures of P-wave and S-wave along the profile L ₁ are determined simultaneously with deep seismic sounding data in Changbaishan Tianchi volcanic region, and then its Poisson’s ratio is obtained. Calculated results show that this technique overcomes some defects of traditional forward calculation method, and it is also very effective to determine Poisson’s ratio distribution of deep seismic sounding profile, especially useful for study on volcanic magma and crustal fault zone. Study result indicates that there is an abnormally high Poisson’s ratio body that is about 30 km wide and 12 km high in the low velocity region under Tianchi crater. Its value of Poisson’s ratio is 8% higher than that of surrounding medium and it should be the magma chamber formed from melted rock with high temperature. There is a high Poisson’s ratio zone ranging from magma chamber to the top of crust, which may be the uprise passage of hot substance. The lower part with high Poisson’s ratio, which stretches downward to Moho, is possibly the extrusion way of hot substance from the uppermost mantle. The conclusions above are consistent with the study results of both tomographic determination of 3D crustal structure and magnetotelluric survey in this region. Foundation item: Key Project from China Earthquake Administration and the Project (95-11-02-01) from Ministry of Science and Technology (2001DIA10003). Contribution No. RCEG200401, Geophysical Exploration Center, China Earthquake Administration.  相似文献   

Discrete element method modeling of inherently anisotropic rocks under uniaxial compression loading          下载免费PDF全文

K. Duan  C.Y. Kwok  M. Pierce 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2016,40(8):1150-1183

A new numerical approach is proposed in this study to model the mechanical behaviors of inherently anisotropic rocks in which the rock matrix is represented as bonded particle model, and the intrinsic anisotropy is imposed by replacing any parallel bonds dipping within a certain angle range with smooth‐joint contacts. A series of numerical models with β = 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90° are constructed and tested (β is defined as the angle between the normal of weak layers and the maximum principal stress direction). The effect of smooth‐joint parameters on the uniaxial compression strength and Young's modulus is investigated systematically. The simulation results reveal that the normal strength of smooth‐joint mainly affects the behaviors at high anisotropy angles (β > 45°), while the shear strength plays an important role at medium anisotropy angles (30°–75°). The normal stiffness controls the mechanical behaviors at low anisotropy angles. The angle range of parallel bonds being replaced plays an important role on defining the degree of anisotropy. Step‐by‐step procedures for the calibration of micro parameters are recommended. The numerical model is calibrated to reproduce the behaviors of different anisotropic rocks. Detailed analyses are conducted to investigate the brittle failure process by looking at stress‐strain behaviors, increment of micro cracks, initiation and propagation of fractures. Most of these responses agree well with previous experimental findings and can provide new insights into the micro mechanisms related to the anisotropic deformation and failure behaviors. The numerical approach is then applied to simulate the stress‐induced borehole breakouts in anisotropic rock formations at reduced scale. The effect of rock anisotropy and stress anisotropy can be captured. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

近20年京津唐主体城区地表热场空间特征变化分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

于琛  胡德勇  张旸  曹诗颂  段欣  张亚妮 《地理科学》2019,39(6):1016-1024

基于Landsat遥感影像获取京津唐主体城区1995~2015年地表温度(Land Surface Temperature, LST)和不透水地表盖度(Impervious Surface Percentage, ISP)数据。采用热点聚集和阈值分割法,依据地表的温度和不透水盖度属性将京津唐主体城区划分成9种地表热场类型,分析并探讨地表热场的发展规律、年际变化状况和区域贡献作用。研究发现,京津唐主体城区地表温度与不透水地表盖度间存在显著的正向相关关系,两者分别呈现“阶梯降”和“两端高、中间低”的变化特征。京津唐主体城区地表热场的发展主轴保持在西北-东南方向,且随时间推移沿主轴呈聚集态势。 京津唐主体城区地表热场的影响范围在空间上持续扩张,对于不同的主体城区,其在整体区域的热场贡献中有差异化表现。  相似文献   

西藏努林晚白垩世花岗闪长岩地球化学特征及成因     

石洪召  段志明  李光明  张林奎 《沉积与特提斯地质》2020,40(4):71-82

南冈底斯晚白垩世岩浆岩的成因及地球动力学机制一直存在争议。本文对冈底斯南缘努林花岗闪长岩开展地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及同位素示踪研究。结果显示，该岩体具有富SiO₂（66.62%～67.81%）、高Al₂O₃（15.11%～15.66%）、高Sr（>481×10^-6），低Y（≤8.13×10^-6）和低Yb（≤0.73×10^-6）特征，Sr/Y比值达59～111，显示埃达克岩的特征；岩石轻稀土富集，重稀土亏损，具有显著的Eu正异常；富集大离子亲石元素，亏损高场强元素。（⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr）_i=0.704011～0.704244，ε_Nd（t）=＋3.61～＋5.75，总体反映地幔源区的Sr、Nd同位素特征。锆石U-Pb LA-ICP-MS测年显示存在83Ma和89Ma两组年龄。结合地质及地球化学分析，认为努林花岗闪长岩是新特提斯洋洋脊俯冲引起的镁铁质新生下地壳部分熔融的产物。  相似文献   

Distinguishing streamflow trends caused by changes in climate,forest cover,and permafrost in a large watershed in northeastern China          下载免费PDF全文

Liangliang Duan  Xiuling Man  Barret L. Kurylyk  Tijiu Cai  Qiang Li 《水文研究》2017,31(10):1938-1951

Understanding how rivers respond to changes in land cover, climate, and subsurface conditions is critical for sustainably managing water resources and ecosystems. In this study, long‐term hydrologic, climate, and satellite data (1973–2012) from the Upper Tahe River watershed (2359 km²) in the Da Hinggan Mountains of northeast China were analysed to quantify the relative hydrologic effects of climate variability (system input) and the combined influences of forest cover change and permafrost thaw (system characteristics) on average annual streamflow (system response) using 2 methods: the sensitivity‐based method and the Kendall–Theil robust line method. The study period was subdivided into a forest harvesting period (1973–1987), a forest stability period (1988–2001), and a forest recovery period (2002–2012). The results indicated that the combined effects of forest harvesting and permafrost thaw on streamflow (+ 47.0 mm) from the forest harvesting period to the forest stability period was approximately twice as large as the effect associated with climate variability (+20.2 mm). Similarly, from the forest stability period to the forest recovery period, the decrease in average annual streamflow attributed to the combined effects of forest recovery and permafrost thaw (?38.0 mm) was much greater than the decrease due to climate variability (?22.2 mm). A simple method was used to separate the distinct impacts of forest cover change and permafrost thaw, but distinguishing these influences is difficult due to changes in surface and subsurface hydrologic connectivity associated with permafrost thaw. The results highlight the need to consider multiple streamflow drivers in future watershed and aquatic ecosystem management. Due to the ecological and hydrological susceptibility to disturbances in the Da Hinggan Mountains, forest harvesting will likely negatively impact ecohydrological processes in this region, and the effects of forest species transition in the forest recovery process should be further investigated.  相似文献   

Trend and extreme occurrence of precipitation in a mid‐latitude Eurasian steppe watershed at various time scales          下载免费PDF全文

Xixi Wang  Xiaomin Yang  Tingxi Liu  Fengling Li  Ruizhong Gao  Limin Duan  Yanyun Luo 《水文研究》2014,28(22):5547-5560

The confounding effects of step change invalidate the stationarity assumption of commonly used trend analysis methods such as the Mann–Kendall test technique, so previous studies have failed to explain inconsistencies between detected trends and observed large precipitation anomalies. The objectives of this study were to (1) formulate a trend analysis approach that considers nonstationarity due to step changes, (2) use this approach to detect trends and extreme occurrences of precipitation in a mid‐latitude Eurasian steppe watershed in North China, and (3) examine how runoff responds to precipitation trends in the study watershed. Our results indicate that annual precipitation underwent a marginal step jump around 1995. The significant annual downward trend after 1994 was primarily due to a decrease in summer rainfall; other seasons exhibited no significant precipitation trends. At a monthly scale, July rainfall after 1994 exhibited a significant downward trend, whereas precipitation in other months had no trend. The percentage of wet days also underwent a step jump around 1994 following a significant decreasing trend, although the precipitation intensity exhibited neither a step change nor any significant trend. However, both low‐frequency and high‐frequency precipitation events in the study watershed occurred more often after than before 1994; probably as either a result or an indicator of climate change. In response to these precipitation changes, the study watershed had distinctly different precipitation‐runoff relationships for observed annual precipitations of less than 300 mm, between 300 and 400 mm, and greater than 400 mm. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Effects of feeding time on complement component C7 expression in Pelteobagrus vachellii subject to bacterial challenge     

Shao  Ting  Qin  Chuanjie  Duan  Huiguo  Yuan  Dengyue  Wen  Zhengyong  Wang  Jun  Ge  Fanglan 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2018,36(6):2358-2367

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Shifting the feeding time for fish from daytime to nighttime could alter their digestive behavior, disturb their metabolism, and may affect immune-related...  相似文献